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Demographic history of the Vilnius region : ウィキペディア英語版 | Demographic history of the Vilnius region
The city of Vilnius, now the capital of Lithuania, and its surrounding region have at various times come under Polish-Lithuanian, Russian, Polish, German, and Soviet rule. The population has been categorised by linguistic and sometimes also religious indicators. At the end of the 19th century the main languages spoken were Polish, Lithuanian, Belarusian and Russian. Both Catholic and Orthodox Christianity were represented, while a large proportion of those within the city were Jews. The "Lithuanian" element was seen as declining, while the "Slavic" element was increasing. Census data are available from 1897 onward, although the territorial boundaries and ethnic categorisation have not always been consistent. The Jewish population decreased greatly in the Holocaust of 1941-44, and subsequently many Poles were removed from the city, but less so from the surrounding countryside. Consequently, recent Census figures show predominance of Lithuanians in the city of Vilnius, but of Poles in the Vilnius district outside the city. ==Ethnic and national background==
Since the first contact in the 9th century the Slavic (Ruthenian, later Belarusian and Ukrainian) speaking areas have always bordered the vicinity of eastern Lithuania.
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